Health and occupational safety risks in metalworking
Particulate matter is not only an invisible environmental problem that poses a serious health risk—it can also be carcinogenic. Scientific studies increasingly show that ultrafine particles (PM2.5) that penetrate deep into the lungs can have carcinogenic effects. Here is an overview of what studies and research findings show.
Evidence of carcinogenic effects
Animal experiments have clearly confirmed the carcinogenic potential of particulate matter: a study by the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) showed that rats developed lung tumors significantly more often than expected even at realistic levels of particulate matter exposure. Researchers assume that the mechanisms are similar in humans. Two possible mechanisms of action are being discussed:
- The fine dust particles can directly damage cells and have a carcinogenic effect (direct genotoxicity).
- Alternatively, phagocytes of the immune system produce carcinogenic substances after absorbing the particles, which represents indirect, mediary genotoxicity.
Epidemiological evidence from human studies
Long-term studies on humans support these findings. Analyses from large cohorts show that increased fine dust exposure significantly increases the risk of lung cancer. For example, according to a study in Hong Kong, the risk of cancer mortality increased by up to 22 percent with each increase in fine dust concentration. The studies also point to links with other types of cancer, such as tumors in the digestive tract or breast cancer.
Particulate matter as a tumor promoter
Particulate matter triggers inflammatory reactions in the body that can promote tumor development. This has also been confirmed by studies with genetically modified mice, in which particulate matter promoted the development of lung tumors without directly altering the genetic material. Particulate matter thus acts as a “booster” for cancer growth.
Significance for metal processing and occupational safety
Exposure to particulate matter in the workplace is a serious cancer risk for employees. Effective protection with high-quality, modular, adaptable filter and extraction systems significantly reduces this risk and ensures a safer working environment.
Protect your team from the invisible dangers of particulate matter – with tested solutions “Made in Germany.” Contact us for advice and customized systems to make your production healthy and safe.
Sources:
Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants | Nature
